Thanks for your update!
vSphere client might cause conflict issues with Workstation sometimes. Will you mind doing the following?
1) Uninstall vSphere Client
2) Uninstall VMware Worktation
3) Reboot host OS
4) Install VMware Workstation. Please check if USB devices work well in VM
5) If Yes for 4), please install vSphere client if needed.
Let me know if it works for you. Thanks!